tcp ip kya hai

TCP/IP ka full form hai Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. Ye do important communication protocols hain jo internet aur kisi bhi computer network par data ko bhejne (transmit karne) ke liye use hote hain.

TCP/IP kya karta hai?

TCP/IP ek protocol suite hai, yaani kai protocols ka ek set, jo ensure karta hai ki:

1. Data packet ke form mein bheja jaye

2. Sahi tarike se receive ho

3. Data loss na ho

4. Sahi order mein receive ho

Iska use kahaan hota hai?

Jab aap internet chalate hain

Emails bhejte hain

Websites access karte hain (HTTP/HTTPS)

File transfer karte hain (FTP)

TCP aur IP ka role alag-alag hai:

IP (Internet Protocol): Data ko chhote packets

\”Air\” ek transparent (saaf aur dikhayi na dene wali) gas ka mixture hai jo prithvi ke atmosphere ko banata hai. Yeh jeev jantu, paudhe, aur insano ke jeene ke liye bahut zaroori hai. Neeche detail mein samjhte hain:

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1. Air ka Composition (Sanrachna):

Air kai gases ka mixture hoti hai, jismein mukhyatah ye elements hote hain:

Gas Percentage (% by volume)

Nitrogen (N₂) 78.08%
Oxygen (O₂) 20.95%
Argon (Ar)
“Air” ek transparent (saaf aur dikhayi na dene wali) gas ka mixture hai jo prithvi ke atmosphere ko banata hai. Yeh jeev jantu, paudhe, aur insano ke jeene ke liye bahut zaroori hai. Neeche detail mein samjhte hain:

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1. Air ka Composition (Sanrachna):

Air kai gases ka mixture hoti hai, jismein mukhyatah ye elements hote hain:

Gas Percentage (% by volume)

Nitrogen (N₂) 78.08%
Oxygen (O₂) 20.95%
Argon (Ar) 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 0.04%
Water Vapor (H₂O) 0–4% (badalne wali)
Ozone (O₃), Dust, Pollutants Traces (bahut kam matra)

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2. Air ke Gun (Properties of Air):

Rangheen aur Gandhrahit hoti hai (colorless and odorless).

Har jagah hoti hai, lekin dikhayi nahi deti.

Compressible hoti hai — ise dabaaya ja sakta hai.

Mass aur weight dono hota hai.

Garmi milne par expand karti hai.

Thandi hone par contract karti hai.

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3. Air ke Upyog (Uses of Air):

Saans lene ke liye oxygen zaroori hoti hai.

Photosynthesis mein paudhe carbon dioxide ka use karte hain.

Industrial use – gases (Oxygen, Nitrogen) alag karke industries mein use hoti hain.

Transport – airplanes air ke pressure aur flow ka use karte hain.

Wind energy – hawa se bijli banayi ja sakti hai.

Air conditioning, cooling and burning mein bhi iska upyog hota hai.

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4. Air Pollution (Vayu Pradushan):

Jab harmful gases jaise ki CO₂, CO, SO₂, NOx, smoke, dust waqara air mein mil jati hain, to hawa pradushit ho jati hai.

Air Pollution ke pramukh karan:

Gadiyon ka dhuan

Factory ka emission

Janglaat ka katega

Patakhe, plastic jalana, etc.

Nuksan:

Swasthya samasyaen (asthma, cancer, allergy)

Global warming

Acid rain

Ozone layer depletion

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Agar aap kisi ek aspect jaise air pollution, oxygen cycle, ya air pressure par detail chahte hain, toh main wo bhi alag se explain kar sakta hoon.